In the underground world, being apparently accurate in the calculation process is usually meaningless.

This blog post outlines the overall fire engineering approach and touches on some basic principles.

the membrane is a delicate thing and requires a lot of careful detailing and handling.

I believe it is essential for engineers to develop the habit of zooming out from their routine designs and re-think at a higher level of...

On many occasions, an opening needs to be created in a structure. This could be a tunnel from a station box, a cross passage tunnel from...

This blog is inspired by this article “Simulating composite behaviour in SCL tunnels with sprayed waterproofing membrane interface: A...

he concept of ‘Time-Space Effect’ is a theory specific to underground works in soft ground. It was popularised by researchers from China...